There is no requirement for the details of your questions to be recorded in the minutes of the meeting, although the fact that you posed them should be recorded. I would have published something along the lines of "A parishioner asked several questions relating to the administration of the council..."
The model standing orders include a paragraph relating to the public forum part of the meeting, which states that "A question shall not require a response at the meeting nor start a debate on the question. The chairman of the meeting may direct that a written or oral response be given." Strictly speaking, the chairman should have asked you to email your questions to the clerk. Some councils ask for questions to be submitted prior to the meeting to allow a response to be formulated, but this is a matter of choice, not a requirement. The minutes should also record the advice given to you "...and was asked to submit the questions in writing to allow a response to be prepared."
I suggest that you email the questions to the clerk, perhaps pointing out that you have previously sent them to the chairman at his request, but not received a response. Hopefully this will be sufficient to prompt the response you require.